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2024-03-07 19:23:40

生殖医学是为了繁衍还是筛选：IVG（体外配子）进展及风险一览 - 知乎

生殖医学是为了繁衍还是筛选：IVG（体外配子）进展及风险一览 - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册生殖医学是为了繁衍还是筛选：IVG（体外配子）进展及风险一览会会药咖专注医药全球体外受精市场规模预计将从2023年的244.6亿美元增长到2028年的356.0亿美元，在预测期内(2023-2028年)CAGR为7.80%。全球人类生殖技术市场预计将以近2%的CAGR增长。不孕症发病率的上升和计划生育的延迟预计将引发市场增长。在预测期内(2022-2027年)，辅助生殖技术市场的CAGR增长率为7.5%。随着人类生育困难逐步被解决，辅助生殖技术也在快速发展。而除了常见的体外受精、子宫移植等，IVG（体外配子）技术的出现和发展，预示着生殖医学相关研究将进展到一个新的高度。IVG（体外配子）是什么IVG是从实验室分化的细胞中复制正常的生殖细胞发育。干细胞保留分化成生物体任何细胞的能力。随着干细胞进一步分化，它们特化并失去其发育潜能。最终，干细胞分化成为生物体的单能细胞。一种形式的IVG利用在雌性卵母细胞和雄性精子融合后从胚泡的内细胞团收集的胚胎干细胞。这些细胞是多功能的，可以发育成所有胚层的细胞，但不能发育成胚胎外结构(即胎盘)。这些细胞必须在植入前收集。IVG在动物模型上的研究可能对动物和人类都有益。目前使用动物模型的干细胞和胚胎学研究不受严格法规的约束，使我们能够探索最终应用于人类研究的生物途径。鉴于这项研究在人体上的局限性，动物模型可能是第一个证明IVG应用于“癌症幸存者”的成功模型。IVG的研究进展与应用前景2011年有研究使用小鼠模型从多能干细胞成功进行了第一次IVG。从那时起，研究一直在继续发展，现在的重点是从尾尖成纤维细胞衍生的体细胞达成IVG。目前，这一整个过程已经在体外小鼠模型中完成，也就是说有小鼠在实验室制造的配子中成功诞生。并且已经在恒河猴中成功地从iPSCs分化出PGCLC。但是这些实验研究进展还不能应用在人类身上。这种类型的研究在世界范围内仍然是非法的，国际干细胞研究协会(ISSCR)的指导方针还没有将这种研究归入“许可”类别。因此，这种关于人类使用的讨论已经开始考虑改变和修改目前对胚胎研究的限制。迄今为止，全世界在IVG进行的所有人类胚胎研究都是在14天内的胚胎限制下进行的。根据目前的规定，IVG来源的生殖细胞需要进行与自然发生的生殖细胞相关的验证研究，以证明其可行性、有效性和安全性。这种验证研究已经开始了。此外，IVG研究还有许多其他活跃的领域，继续有助于我们对人类胚胎的了解。另一项不利用hiPGCLC(卵原细胞和精原细胞)的研究，已经能够研究胚泡样细胞——iBlastoids，其来源于体细胞。iBlastoids虽然不能变成胎儿，但确实经历胚胎发生的早期阶段。这将为使用来自人皮肤成纤维细胞的hiPSC进行移植研究。这些发现表明，IVG的研究可能会更好地理解自然配子发生和胚胎发生的过程，可能会改善不孕症患者的诊断和干预工具。例如，hiPSC成功分化为卵母细胞将提供无数细胞，允许对卵母细胞生物学进行对ART重要的有力研究。这将加速对卵母细胞质量的研究，包括对导致“老化”(即更易出错的减数分裂和随后的非整倍性)的因素的研究，或评估癌症治疗药物对卵母细胞功能的影响。IVG的一个独特的应用前景是对患有由特定基因突变引起的疾病的患者的hiPSCs进行基因修饰的潜力，这些患者不希望将这些基因突变遗传给他们的后代。这可能与恶性肿瘤具有特定遗传基础的癌症幸存者患者特别相关。即使没有像CRISPR这样的基因编辑技术，也有可能创造比目前体外受精实践更大的胚胎池。从这个大得多的库中，可以进行单基因条件的植入前基因检测(PGT-M)。这使得胚胎选择不存在孩子患有上述疾病的风险。同类型的应用前景还包括：避免高龄生育的潜在基因风险和患癌女性的胚胎保存。最后，也许是IVG潜力中最具突破性的方面，是它改变核心繁殖模式的能力——创造新生命需要一个“男性”和一个“女性”。也就是说，如果卵原细胞和精原细胞都可以通过来自任一性别的成纤维细胞获得，这可以允许同性夫妇有一个与父母双方都有遗传关系的孩子。目前，只有一个小鼠模型证明了使用两个雄性配子(精子和卵母细胞)成功活产，这两个配子都来源于雄性小鼠ESCs，尽管精原细胞还没有来源于雌性小鼠，但这项研究仍然在持续探究中。此外，如果卵母细胞和精母细胞由同一人形成，胚胎也可以假设由单个生物亲本形成，如果完成两个或更多个IVG周期，胚胎也可以由两个以上的生物亲本形成。除了目前IVG面临的生物和监管障碍，IVG及其衍生研究的未来临床应用具有不可估量的潜力。IVG的应用风险这种关于IVG潜在后果的不确定性是一种难以预测的风险，现在对其的争论与20世纪70年代末和80年代初第一批同意体外受精妊娠试验的妇女相似，如今对IVG的研究可能会经历类似的最初发生在体外受精中的成功定义的演变。人们花了40年的时间来理解体外受精“成功”的定义。体外受精的理想结果已经从早期临床妊娠的最初目标转变为活产，再到生产一个健康的新生儿。未来对体外受精的定义可能是一个来自不太健康的配子或通过IVG来自体细胞的健康婴儿。此外，通过皮肤收集细胞样本比取卵或收集精子样本的侵入性要小得多，这可能会导致更广泛的人群愿意出售自己的皮肤样本或在未经同意的情况下被采集皮肤样本。既然有复制干细胞而不分化它们的技术，就有可能从一个非常受欢迎的来源产生无限数量的后代，增加了近亲结婚和商业生殖的风险。需要建立法律和法规来规定谁有权使用其他人的干细胞，如果认为这些干细胞在基因上是可取的话。IVG还挑战了人类生殖最核心的概念之一：胎儿是由一个男性来源的配子和一个女性来源的配子产生的。利用IVG，一个人或一群人可能一起产生一个孩子(例如，通过使用来自两个胚胎的人胚胎干细胞，混合来自四个不同配子的基因，两个胚胎中的每一个都由另外两个体外产生的干细胞制成)。IVG可能被用来产生大量胚胎，这些胚胎可以进行基因测试，并使用专有算法进行排序，以识别“最佳”胚胎。这将可能导致一种新的优生学，打造一个更加不平等的世界。出于这个原因，需要有非常明确的规定来阻止可遗传的基因组编辑。目前，卵子供应的短缺对胚胎的遗传选择和操作过程造成了实际的限制。但IVG技术可能会使卵子和胚胎的无限供应成为可能，这可能会大大提高胚胎的遗传选择和基因编辑的速度，以便产生具有理想特征的后代。这种无性生殖方式的广泛使用将最终导致“性的终结”，至少是为了生殖目的的性会逐渐消亡。同样的，如果以优生的目的过度使用IVG，不仅可能会加剧对残疾人的现有形式的歧视，而且还会引发新型的基因歧视和等级制度。拥有经济实力的人广泛使用基因选择可能会导致阶级分裂，进一步将社会分成基因有产者和无产者两个阶层。尽管国家支持的优生学对平等构成了严重威胁，但生殖和基因技术领域不受约束的自由市场力量也有可能取得类似的结果。但是，就目前而言，围绕IVG的研究将继续下去。1. Stefanie Horerand others, Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived In Vitro Gametogenesis and Synthetic Embryos—It Is Never Too Early for an Ethical Debate, Stem Cells Translational Medicine, 2023;, szad042, https://doi.org/10.1093/stcltm/szad0422. Wesevich, V.G.; Arkfeld, C.; Seifer, D.B. In Vitro Gametogenesis in Oncofertility: A Review of Its Potential Use and Present-Day Challenges in Moving toward Fertility Preservation and Restoration.J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 3305. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm120933053. Coxir, Sarah Abreu, et al. "From in vivo to in vitro: exploring the key molecular and cellular aspects of human female gametogenesis." Human Cell (2023): 1-29.声明本文图文信息来源于网络，旨在进行有价值的医药资讯传播，非商业用途，不作投资推荐和介绍，如有侵权我们将立即处理发布于 2023-08-24 09:10・IP 属地四川医学临床医学生物学赞同添加评论分享喜欢收藏申请

生孩子无需男女搭配，IVG 技术让人类实现单性繁殖-36氪

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IVG推2400口合规一次性产品融合一次性与换弹式设计

两个至上App 全球雾化科技媒体和智库下载App App内打开首页原创国内国际订阅工具电子烟消费税计算器中文站中文站英文站 - English 西语站 - Spanish 俄罗斯站 - русский язык 下载APP 扫码下载两个至上APP 订阅首页国内国际监管IVG推2400口合规一次性产品融合一次性与换弹式设计 2023-06-16 两个至上 2023-06-16 5 分享链接 5 英国畅销的一次性电子烟品牌IVG发布了2400口的新型一次性电子烟产品。据其介绍，该产品集合了一次性和换弹式设计，提供了26种口味和四种烟弹组合供消费者选择。特别声明：本文仅供行业内部研究交流，不进行任何品牌、产品推荐；未成年人禁止访问。【两个至上快讯】6月15日，据betterretailing消息，英国知名一次性电子烟品牌IVG（I Vape Great）发布了2400口的新型电子烟产品。据其介绍，该产品集合了一次性和换弹式设计，提供了26种口味和四种烟弹组合供消费者选择。目前欧洲烟草产品指令（TPD）与英国《电子烟规管法案》（TRPR）只允许一次性电子烟最高含有2毫升烟油，但IVG通过设计避开了这一限制，新产品的烟杆内含有四个可更换烟弹，每个烟弹有容量为2毫升的电子烟烟油（含有20毫克尼古丁），消费者通过旋转烟杆可以更换烟弹，整体设计结合了一次性和换弹式功能。设备内部可填充烟弹｜图片来源：IVG 当用户想要更换烟弹时，他们可以拆下烟杆顶部盖子，将四个烟弹插入并旋转，以使烟弹与箭头对齐。为了旋转，他们需要抬起和扭转烟杆，直到箭头与烟弹相匹配。旋转换烟弹｜图片来源：IVG 该品牌表示，通过将四个烟弹集合在一个一次性烟杆中，相比市场上的其他一次性产品，这种设计更环保。目前其官网给出的售价是单只12.99英镑，两支25英镑。 IVG表示，作为对可持续和高品质电子烟产品的承诺的一部分，该烟杆符合TPD的监管框架，并受到多种知识产权的保护。 “我们的设计符合TPD提议的所有要求，因此经过慎重考虑和支持，我们获得了包括英国1977年专利法第62条下颁发的专利在内的权利，以生产和销售我们最新系列的2400口一次性电子烟。” 其官网标注“英国和欧盟首款符合 TPD 标准的2400口一次性电子烟｜图片来源：IVG官网据悉，IVG是英国市场排名前十的一次性电子烟品牌，为Acme Global 公司旗下品牌。在此前的“一次性电子烟烟油含量超标事件”中，其一次性产品也位列其中。英国市场一次性电子烟品牌销售额排名｜图片来源：两个至上参考文献：[1] IVG launches compliant 2,400 puff disposable vape 相关阅读：【1】 SKE Crystal再遭下架英国批发商BOOKER召回 SKE及IVG违规产品 #英国#欧盟#一次性电子烟#技术本文章为深圳两个至上科技有限公司原创文章，其版权及许可使用权归属本公司，未经授权任何单位和个人不得擅自复制、转载或使用其他方式侵犯本公司版权，违者本公司将保留追究其法律责任的权利。 5 分享链接 5 推荐阅读 JTI在斯洛伐克推出Ploom X Advanced 起售价为40欧元日本烟草国际公司（JTI）已在斯洛伐克市场推出新款加热烟草设备Ploom X Advanced，JTI期待这款设备将进一步推动这个产品类别的增长，目前这一类别在斯洛伐克市场只有大约五年的历史。新闻 4小时前 JTI英国公司推出Mayfair Gold销售比赛日本烟草国际公司(JTI)于2023年19月对其新推出的超值成品烟Mayfair Gold进行了销售比赛。参与该比赛的零售商们只要购买相应的商品，就有机会被自动进入抽奖，获得5份共计50000英镑的大奖。新闻 5小时前彼尔姆州售货亭禁售电子烟法案尚未生效俄罗斯彼尔姆州原定于3月1日禁止在售货亭销售含尼古丁产品法案尚未生效，卡马地区政府对此回应称，“该法将于2024年3月15日正式发布90天后生效。” 新闻 5小时前英国将于2026年10月开始征电子烟税英国财政大臣杰里米·亨特（Jeremy Hunt）表示将从2026年10月开始对电子烟征收额外税收，以阻止非吸烟者吸烟，英美烟草对该项措施表示支持。新闻 8小时前 KT&G推出新款HTP烟弹“MIIX UPTOO” 3月6日起全国便利店上市韩国KT&G公司推出新款电子烟“lil Hybrid其专用烟弹，全国便利店上架，新增多款新品供消费者选择。旗下热销产品'릴 하이브리드'系列推出升级版，增加新功能拓宽产品线。新闻 1天前英美烟草CEO支持英国征收电子烟税计划针对英国将实施的电子烟新税计划，英美烟草首席执行官（CEO）塔杜•马罗科（Tadeu Marroco）表示支持，他指出该项措施将使政府更好地控制电子烟市场，帮助英美烟草抢占市场份额。该禁令预计将于 2025 年 4 月生效。新闻 1天前 JTI乌克兰公司计划恢复烟草出口并推出加热烟草产品Ploom 乌克兰烟草公司总经理表示，JTI在乌克兰积极应对市场变革，努力增加市场份额，并计划在乌克兰推出加热烟草设备Ploom。新闻 1天前菲莫国际捐款500万美元支持妇女经济赋权计划菲利普·莫里斯国际公司捐500万美元支持妇女经济赋权计划，着力帮助女性企业，创下私企捐款纪录。新闻 1天前 KT&G董事会选举：投资基金支持企业银行提名候选人本月进行的KT&G公司股东大会中，FCP支持企业银行提名的外部董事候选人，李尚贤退出，企业银行推荐的孙东桓备受期待，将全力支持独立外部董事，以完善公司治理结构。新闻 1天前利物浦全面开展打击行动数家非法电子烟商被查封停业利物浦市政府继续严查非法电子烟零售商，数家商家被查封停业。该市议会是英格兰西北部第一个采取这一策略的市议会，被查出的商家将被罚款并接受为期三个月的关闭令。新闻 1天前两个至上雾化科技产业综合资讯平台作者主页最近文章澳大利亚警方涉嫌过度使用武力 13岁少年因吸电子烟遭暴力逮捕俄罗斯鄂木斯克海关查获大量未贴标签烟草制品热门精选 JTI在斯洛伐克推出Ploom X Advanced 起售价为40欧元相关推荐 JTI英国公司推出Mayfair Gold销售比赛彼尔姆州售货亭禁售电子烟法案尚未生效英国将于2026年10月开始征电子烟税 KT&G推出新款HTP烟弹“MIIX UPTOO” 3月6日起全国便利店上市英美烟草CEO支持英国征收电子烟税计划精品原创 12月中国出口南非电子烟约572万美元环比减少约38% FLAVA被查后：OXVA、ROMIO等合作品牌或受重创菲律宾市场或将重新洗牌 12月中国出口摩洛哥电子烟约190万美元环比增长42.29% 电子烟代言人盘点：说唱领域最为热门拳击领域次之三大巨头相继发布年报，值得注意的亮点有哪些？本网站仅供产业从业者、研究者等专业人士访问。无关人员请勿进入。本网站不包含任何烟草、电子烟产品广告、销售信息。未成年人禁止访问。关于我们联系我们加入我们用户协议粤公网安备44030602006711号粤ICP备2022024684号-1 中文中文 English русский язык español 深圳两个至上科技有限公司|© 2024 Shenzhen 2FIRSTS Technology Co., Ltd. All Right Reserved. 温馨提示本网站仅供产业从业者、研究者等专业人士访问。无关人员请勿进入！未成年人禁止访问！确认我已满21周岁我未满21周岁本网站不包含任何烟草、电子烟产品广告、销售信息。

“体外配子”新技术引发伦理担忧：将来或出现“设计婴儿”_绿政公署_澎湃新闻-The Paper

子”新技术引发伦理担忧：将来或出现“设计婴儿”_绿政公署_澎湃新闻-The Paper下载客户端登录无障碍+1“体外配子”新技术引发伦理担忧：将来或出现“设计婴儿”刘霞/科技日报2017-02-03 16:04绿政公署 >字号美国布朗大学医学科学教授艾利·阿达西、哈佛大学法学院教授格伦·科恩、医学院院长乔治·戴利在日前出版的《科学转化医学》杂志发表论文，讨论了在实验室培养皿中制造出精子和卵子——所谓的“体外配子（IVG）”技术的理论意义和可能会引发的伦理问题。文章指出，最近已有多项实验证明，科学家们能在实验鼠身上使用IVG技术。不过，由于存在不少技术壁垒，人类配子无法由其他人体细胞制成，IVG目前尚不能在人体进行。作者们在文中写道：“生殖医学和再生医学领域的进步超乎我们的想象，在不远的将来，科学家们或许能在实验室培养皿中制造出人类精子和卵子，这一可能性为治疗不孕不育带来希望，但也会引发巨大的伦理问题，比如‘设计婴儿’，我们现在应该未雨绸缪，进行广泛而深入的探讨，提出相应的管理措施。”实验鼠身上获成功IVG指的是在实验室培养皿中，利用多能干细胞制造出精子和卵子细胞。这些多能干细胞可能是胚胎干细胞，或者诱导多能干细胞（iPS细胞）。科学家们通过对一些“成年”细胞（比如皮肤细胞）进行重编程，使其“变身”为iPS细胞，这种细胞能再次变成多种类型的细胞。最近已报道了几个在老鼠身上开展IVG取得成功的例子。如2016年，日本科学家报告称，他们能在实验室培养皿中重现完整的实验鼠卵子生成过程。通过对实验鼠的胚胎干细胞或iPS细胞进行重编程，让其变为原始生殖细胞；接着将这些细胞同其他支持老鼠卵子发育的细胞混合，在实验室培养皿中制造出一个“卵巢”；然后向培养皿中添加多种激素及其他化合物，诱使这些细胞发育成卵子细胞。这些卵子细胞同精子结合，孵化出了一群健康的幼鼠。此外，2016年2月，中国科学家首次实现小鼠胚胎干细胞体外分化并获得具有功能的精子细胞，且成功用其繁衍出老鼠后代。在实验中，南京医科大学沙家豪教授和中国科学院动物研究所周琪院士、赵小阳教授（现单位为南方医科大学）等人选取老鼠的胚胎干细胞，再用化学物质、激素和睾丸组织等加以引导，使之成为精子，再通过人工授精的方法将其注入老鼠卵细胞，成功使卵细胞受孕，并培育出健康的老鼠后代。因此从理论上来说，科学家们或能借助IVG技术，用成年人的皮肤细胞制造出人类的精子和卵子。阿达西、科恩和戴利在论文中指出：“种种科学突破表明，通过对实验进行不断地优化，科学家们在不远的未来，可以借助人类干细胞，在实验室制造出卵子和精子。”好处与争议并存科恩表示，如果把IVG技术用在人类身上，将彻底变革医生们通过试管受精（IVF）治疗不孕不育症的方式。目前，有生育问题的妇女可能会求助IVF，治疗期间，她们一般需要接受几周时间的激素注射来刺激卵子生成，然后通过手术取得卵子。IVG不需要这些步骤，而且，如果女性无法使用自身卵子，也不需要找到卵子捐赠者。这一方法还能产生大量卵子和精子细胞，让科研人员更容易研究胚胎和某些疾病的发育过程，加深对生殖细胞的科学理解。但IVG也可能引发新的伦理问题。比如，诊所可能会为客户制造数十个卵子或胚胎，让父母从中挑选出“理想”的胚胎，加强了人们对“设计婴儿”的担忧。此外，IVG可能使人们利用单个人的细胞生成精子和卵子，从而制造出“单亲婴儿”。不过，科学家们目前并不清楚来自男性的细胞是否能产生卵子或者相反，以及“单亲婴儿”是否存在与双亲孩童同样的健康问题；最后，如果精子和卵子细胞能由皮肤细胞制造而成，人们可能会在毫无知觉的情况下成为父母，这也会引发大量问题。研究人员还强调，论文中提到的有些令人忧心的情景要想变成现实，可能需要对人类遗传学进行更深刻的理解。“然而，即使在现阶段，我们也应该讨论IVG可能会引发的伦理问题。”（原题为《“设计婴儿”会出现吗？——“体外配子”新技术引发伦理担忧》）澎湃新闻报料：021-962866澎湃新闻，未经授权不得转载+1收藏我要举报#体外配子（IVG）#体外配子#IVG#伦理查看更多查看更多开始答题扫码下载澎湃新闻客户端Android版iPhone版iPad版关于澎湃加入澎湃联系我们广告合作法律声明隐私政策澎湃矩阵澎湃新闻微博澎湃新闻公众号澎湃新闻抖音号IP SHANGHAISIXTH TONE新闻报料报料热线: 021-962866报料邮箱: news@thepaper.cn沪ICP备14003370号沪公网安备31010602000299号互联网新闻信息服务许可证：31120170006增值电信业务经营许可证：沪B2-2017116© 2014-2024 上海东方报业有限公

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Welcome to the i-VisionGroup

The Intelligent Vision Group (IVG) is affiliated with the Department of Automation, Tsinghua University. Our research areas include computer vision (visual object detection, tracking, and recognition, and scene understanding), pattern recognition (fingerprint recognition, palmprint recognition, face recognition, and gait recognition), and machine learning (deep learning, metric learning, hashing learning, reinforcement learning, and manifold learning).

News

20-Jul-2023: 1 paper on large-scale face clustering is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

5-Jul-2023: 1 paper on 3D point scene flow estimation is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

20-Jun-2023: 1 paper on deepfake detection is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

2-Mar-2023: 8 papers on deep metric learning, image and video synthesis, and 3D scene understanding is accepted by CVPR 2023.

2-Jan-2023: 1 paper on deep metric learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

10-Dec-2022: 1 paper on visual transformer quantization is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

28-Oct-2022: 1 paper on robotic packing is accepted by the IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters.

15-Sep-2022: 3 papers on visual foundation model on are accepted by NeurIPS 2022.

10-Sep-2022: 1 papers on multi-camera depth estimation is accepted by CoRL 2022.

2-Sep-2022: 2 papers on video reasoning and 3D point cloud analysis video thesis on are accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

4-Jul-2022: 8 papers on deep metric learning, foundation model, point cloud analysis, video thesis on are by ECCV 2022.

1-Jul-2022: 1 paper on 3D segmentation is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

22-Jun-2022: 1 paper on human age estimation is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

15-May-2022: 1 paper on image super-resolution is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

28-Apr-2022: 1 paper on video saliency forecasting is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

26-Apr-2022: 1 paper on image inpainting is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Multimedia.

20-Apr-2022: 1 paper on million-scale face recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

30-Mar-2022: 1 paper on unintentional action localization is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

24-Mar-2022: 1 paper on video summarization is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

21-Mar-2022: 1 paper on unsupervised binary representation learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

18-Mar-2022: 1 paper on unintentional action localization is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

13-Mar-2022: 1 paper on point cloud representation learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

3-Mar-2022: 11 papers on human action analysis, explainable metric learning, vision models, 3D object detection, and 3D object segmentation are accepted by CVPR 2022, including two oral papers.

27-Feb-2022: 1 paper on human action prediction is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

14-Feb-2022: 1 paper on fingerprint recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security.

10-Feb-2022: 1 paper on instructional video analysis is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

29-Sep-2021: 2 papers on dynamic vision transformers and global filter networks are accepted by NeurIPS 2021.

16-Sep-2021: 1 paper on image super-resolution is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

23-Jul-2021: 13 papers on deep metric learning, point cloud analysis, object recognition, human gait recognition, human trajectory prediction, and deep network compression are accepted by ICCV 2021, including two oral papers.

1-Jul-2021: 1 paper on 3D semantic segmentation is accepted by IROS 2021.

24-Jun-2021: 1 on action recognition is accepted by the ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications.

15-Jun-2021: 1 paper on scalable video search is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

8-May-2021: 1 paper on face alignment is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

27-Apr-2021: 1 paper on facial kinship verification is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

3-Mar-2021: 9 papers on face recognition, deep metric learning, scalable video search, 3D object detection, and 3D object tracking are accepted by CVPR 2021.

6-Feb-2021: 1 paper on video object segmentation is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

6-Jan-2021: 1 paper on deep network compression is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

19-Nov-2020: 1 paper on video summarization is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

29-Oct-2020: 1 paper on image hashing is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

31-Oct-2020: 3 papers on fingerprint recognition are accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security.

15-Oct-2020: 1 paper on image hashing is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Multimedia.

3-Jul-2020: 9 papers on social relation prediction, person re-identification, scalable image search, 3D object detection, room layout estimation, and deep network compression are accepted by ECCV 2020.

12-May-2020: 1 paper on video-based person re-identification is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

13-Apr-2020: 1 paper on deep network compression is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

13-Mar-2020: 6 papers on action quality analysis, point cloud recognition, object detection, image super-resolution, and deep metric learning are accepted by CVPR 2020, including one oral paper.

9-Mar-2020: 1 paper on deep metric learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

7-Mar-2020: 1 paper on instructional video analysis is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

17-Feb-2020: 1 paper on human action prediction is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

3-Feb-2020: 1 paper on human activity recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

9-Jan-2020: 1 paper on pedestrian detection is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

16-Dec-2019: 1 paper on face hallucination is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

16-Oct-2019: 1 paper on deep metric learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

3-Oct-2019: 1 paper on scalable video search is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Multimedia.

22-Sep-2019: Our group will give a tutorial on Deep Metric Learning for Image and Video Understanding at IEEE ICIP 2019.

15-Aug-2019: 1 paper on face recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Biometrics, Behavior, and Identity Science.

23-Jul-2019: 4 papers on person re-identification, scalable image search and point cloud recognition are accepted by IEEE ICCV 2019.

5-May-2019: 1 paper on RGB-D object recognition and person re-identification is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

1-May-2019: 1 paper on subspace clustering is accepted by the Pattern Recognition journal.

30-Apr-2019: 1 paper on group activity recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

23-Mar-2019: 1 paper on person re-identification is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

3-Mar-2019: 11 papers on 3D vision and face/action recognition are accepted by IEEE CVPR 2019, including one oral paper.

4-Feb-2019: Our group will give a tutorial on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Computer Vision at IEEE CVPR 2019.

1-Feb-2019: Our group will organize The Third International Workshop on Human Identification in Multimedia at IEEE ICME 2019.

2-Dec-2018: 1 paper on face alignment is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

21-Nov-2018: 1 paper on pedestrian detection is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

20-Nov-2018: 1 paper on scalable image search is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

14-Nov-2018: 1 paper on video-based face/person recognition is accepted by the International Journal of Computer Vision.

23-Oct-2018: 1 paper on deep network compression is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

7-Oct-2018: 1 paper on RGB-D action recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

18-Sep-2018: Prof. Zihan Zhou from PSU was invited to deliver a talk on 3D computer vision in our group.

23-Aug-2018: Prof. Vishal M. Patel from JHU was invited to deliver a talk on crowd analytics in our group.

17-Jul-2018: 1 paper on deep binary descriptor learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

3-Jul-2018: 7 papers on deep reinforcement learning and deep metric learning are accepted by ECCV 2018, including one oral paper.

1-Jul-2018: 1 paper on group activity recognition is accepted by ACM MM 2018 for oral presentation.

29-Jun-2018: 1 paper on visual object tracking is accepted by IROS 2018.

26-May-2018: 2 papers on medical image segmentation and search are accepted by MICCAI 2018.

17-May-2018: 1 paper on deformable fingerprint recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security.

30-Apr-2018: 1 paper on unsupervised binary descriptor learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

23-Apr-2018: Prof. Andreas Geiger from the University of Tübingen was invited to deliver a talk on 3D reconstruction in our group.

19-Feb-2018: 5 papers on deep metric learning and deep reinforcement learning are accepted by IEEE CVPR 2018, including two spotlights.

3-Feb-2018: 1 paper on large-scale image search is accepted by the Pattern Recognition journal.

2-Feb-2018: 1 paper on partial face recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security.

9-Dec-2017: 1 paper on facial age estimation is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

10-Sep-2017: 1 paper on facial age estimation is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security.

6-Sep-2017: 1 paper on fingerprint recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security.

5-Sep-2017: 1 paper on deep network compression is accepted by NIPS 2017.

5-Aug-2017: 1 paper on feature learning for face recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

28-Jul-2017: 1 paper on video-based face alignment is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

17-Jul-2017: 3 papers on deep learning for video face recognition and cross-modal multimedia search are accepted by IEEE ICCV 2017.

2-Jul-2017: 1 paper on RGB-D multi-modal person re-identification is accepted by the Pattern Recognition journal.

15-Jun-2017: 1 paper on deep metric learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

6-Jun-2017: 1 paper on video face recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

28-May-2017: 1 paper on deep metric learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

26-May-2017: 1 paper on feature learning for face recognition is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

25-May-2017: Our group organizes (The Second Workshop on Human Identification in Multimedia Workshop) at IEEE ICME 2017.

16-May-2017: Mr. Zhixiang Chen is awarded for the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents.

11-May-2017: 1 paper on local binary descriptor learning is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

11-May-2017: 1 paper on large-scale image search is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Multimedia.

2-May-2017: 4 papers on action recognition, image clustering, person re-identification and fingerprint recognition are accepted by IEEE ICIP 2017.

15-Apr-2017: Dr. Jingdong Wang from MSRA was invited to deliver a talk on deep network design in our group.

11-Apr-2017: Dr. Wanli Ouyang from CUHK was invited to deliver a talk on deep learning in our group.

10-Mar-2017: 2 papers on person re-identification in a camera network and binary feature learning are accepted by IEEE CVPR 2017.

10-Mar-2017: 2 papers on large-scale image search and partial face recognition are accepted by IEEE ICME 2017.

1-Mar-2017: 1 paper on large-scale image search is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

22-Feb-2017: 1 paper on large-scale image search is accepted by the Pattern Recognition journal.

11-Feb-2017: 1 paper on large-scale video search is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

24-Jan-2017: 1 paper on facial age estimation is accepted by the IEEE FG 2017.

18-Jan-2017: 1 paper on face alignment in the wild is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Image Processing.

26-Dec-2016: Prof. Xiaoming Liu from MSU was invited to deliver a talk on face analysis in our group.

20-Oct-2016: 1 paper on facial age estimation is accepted by the Pattern Recognition journal.

17-Oct-2016: 1 paper on large-scale image search is accepted by the IEEE Trans. on Multimedia.

20-Sep-2016: 1 paper on fingerprint registration is accepted by the Pattern Recognition journal.

5-Jan-2016: Dr. Kaiming He and Dr. Jifeng Dai from MSRA were invited to deliver talks on deep learning in our group.

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2021-08-10

在 IVG Colbachini，我们始终相信可持续发展是工业世界的重要旅程。文化发展的一条重要途径，致力于教育人们对环境、人员和生产系统的有意识决策的日益增长的认识。我们橡胶软管的

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IVG蒸汽管参展EPS专委会组团展会-第四届中国国际塑料展

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IVG蒸汽管参展EPS专委会组团展会-第四届中国国际塑料展 2020年11月3日至5日，意大利IVG蒸汽管参展在南京国际博览中心举行第四届中国国际塑料展。这次展会是EPS专委会组团EPS行业内设备

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怎样看待IVG技术让人类实现单性繁殖这件事？ - 知乎

怎样看待IVG技术让人类实现单性繁殖这件事？ - 知乎首页知乎知学堂发现等你来答切换模式登录/注册科技繁殖人类未来怎样看待IVG技术让人类实现单性繁殖这件事？最近看到一篇文《生孩子无需男女搭配,IVG技术让人类实现单性繁殖》，文中表示，当人造精子和卵子成为现实时，宝宝“父母”的性别将无关紧要。题主脑中第…显示全部关注者10被浏览2,484关注问题写回答邀请回答好问题添加评论分享4 个回答默认排序冰冻的迷茫关注Ivg技术就是通过诱导体细胞转变成精子卵子这种性细胞，伦理问题就是假如是用一个男人的体细胞分别诱导成精子和卵子，并成功繁育儿子，那么这个后代的基因是100%复制的基因，从基因上讲，这父子的基因完全相同，应该是看做克隆体么？而从伦理关系，这个儿子应该叫他爹还是叫他兄弟？？？而且也存在诱导后生出来的是女儿(男性有xy基因，xx组合下来就是女儿)。那么，这个女儿算是他的克隆体还是后代么？？还有一个问题就是，无性生殖后，对社会的影响，男性现在对于女性的照顾，是源自基因里繁衍后代的压力，而这个压力被技术解决，女性在男性这里就从互补关系转变成全面竞争关系，社会就是一个完全适者生存的丛林生态了。这时候，无论是体力还是耐受力等等各方面都强于女性的男性就会在竞争中处于上风，而女性就会逐步被剥夺工作机会(不否认有女强人，不过太少了，而且有些所谓女强人也是建立在男性的照顾上），而又无法通过组建家庭的方式生存(毕竟繁育后代被技术解决，男性肯定不会惯着一个拖油瓶）。女人就会被社会淘汰。发布于 2021-03-07 05:46赞同 18 条评论分享收藏喜欢收起知之为知之摇笔杆子的懒货关注对于这个技术不太了解，不予置评，不过越高级的生物构造就越复杂，单性繁殖即便实现了也难保不会有什么缺陷发布于 2018-04-15 17:45赞同添加评论分享收藏喜欢收起

Sperm or egg from any cell? It's called IVG and it holds huge promise and peril : Shots - Health News : NPR

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Ethics

Sperm or egg from any cell? It's called IVG and it holds huge promise and peril : Shots - Health News Researchers are inching closer to creating human eggs and sperm in the lab that carry a full complement of anyone's DNA. It could revolutionize fertility treatment and raises huge ethical questions.

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Creating a sperm or egg from any cell? Reproduction revolution on the horizon

May 27, 20237:00 AM ET

Rob Stein

Creating a sperm or egg from any cell? Reproduction revolution on the horizon

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</p><p>Enlarge this image</p><p> A clinician prepares cells for in vitro fertilization, or IVF, the treatment for infertility. In the future, it could be joined by IVG, in vitro gametogenesis, a new process that could turn any cell first into a stem cell and then into a sperm or egg cell.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> Lluis Gene/AFP via Getty Images</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>hide caption</p><p>toggle caption</p><p> </p><p> Lluis Gene/AFP via Getty Images</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>A clinician prepares cells for in vitro fertilization, or IVF, the treatment for infertility. In the future, it could be joined by IVG, in vitro gametogenesis, a new process that could turn any cell first into a stem cell and then into a sperm or egg cell.</p><p> </p><p> Lluis Gene/AFP via Getty Images</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>It's a Wednesday morning at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine in downtown Washington, D.C., and Dr. Eli Adashi is opening an unprecedented gathering: It's titled "In-Vitro Derived Human Gametes as a Reproductive Technology." It's the academy's first workshop to explore in-vitro gametogenesis, or IVG, which involves custom-making human eggs and sperm in the laboratory from any cell in a person's body. "It is on the precipice of materialization," says Adashi, a reproductive biology specialist from Brown University. "And IVF will probably never be the same." For the next three days, dozens of scientists, bioethicists, doctors, and others describe the latest scientific advances in IVG and explore the potentially far-reaching thicket of social, ethical, moral, legal and regulatory ramifications of the emerging technology. Hundreds more attend the workshop remotely. </p><p>"The implications here are huge," says Alana Cattapan, who studies reproductive health issues at the University of Waterloo in Canada. The realization of the advance for humans likely is still years away, but the excitement about it among scientists is growing. So far, healthy IVG mice Japanese scientists describe how they've already perfected IVG in mice. The researchers used cells from the tails of adult mice to create induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and then coaxed those iPS cells to become mouse sperm and eggs. They've even used those sperm and eggs to make embryos and implanted the embryos into the wombs of female mice, which gave birth to apparently healthy mouse pups. "We are in the pathway of translating these technologies into the humans," says Mitinori Saitou from Kyoto University, addressing the group via Zoom. In fact, Saitou says he's fairly far down that pathway. He's turned human blood cells into iPS cells, and used those iPS cells to create very primitive human eggs. Others have created primitive human sperm this way. Neither the sperm or eggs are developed enough to make embryos or babies. But scientists around the world are intensively working on that. "I've been really impressed with all the data that we've seen here and just how quickly this field is evolving," says Dr. Hugh Taylor, a reproductive health specialist at Yale School of Medicine. "It makes me confident that it's not a matter of if this will be available for clinical practice but just a matter of when." </p><p>'Life-altering' for infertility Next, the workshop participants, who gathered at the end of April, explore the implications of IVG if the technology were ever to become a reality for humans. "This could be life-altering for individuals to build that family that they dream of through IVG," says Andrea Braverman, who studies infertility at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. IVG would enable infertile women and men to have children with their own DNA instead of genes from the sperm and eggs or donors. Same goes for women of any age, rendering the biological clock irrelevant. But that, Braverman says, raises many questions. "Yes it's great to be able to not to have to worry as woman that 40 is the cliff that we fall off of," she says. "But on the other hand: What are the implications for families? For the children that have parents that are older? I always think about freshman move-in day in your 80s." IVG could also enable gay and trans couples to have babies that are genetically related to both partners. "We too could point to our children and say, 'He has your eyes and my nose,' in a way that is something that I think many queer people covet," says Katherine Kraschel, who studies reproductive health issues at Yale Law School. But Kraschel also worries that could undermine acceptance of gay people parenting children who aren't genetically related to them through adoption or by using other peoples' sperm and eggs. "To the extent the IVG replaces markets in sperm and eggs, concerns about backsliding I think are really warranted," she says. Provocative possibilities Another theoretical possibility is "solo IVG" — single people having "uni-babies" — babies with just one person's genes, says Dr. Paula Amato, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland "In theory you could reproduce with yourself. And the resulting child would be 100 percent related to you," Amato says. "You could do that if you wanted to." </p><p>She warns, however, that may increase the risk for genetic problems in offspring. At the same time, the DNA for IVG could be obtained from anywhere a single cell could be found, says Henry Greely, a bioethicist at Stanford. That raises a long list of other provocative possibilities, he says, including "90-year-old genetic mothers, 9-year-old genetic mothers, 9-month-old fetuses that become genetic parents, people who've been dead for three years whose cells were saved who become parents." People could even potentially steal the DNA of celebrities from, for example, a clipping of their hair to make babies, he says. "One law we definitely need is to make sure people can't become genetic parents without their knowledge or consent," says Greely. Throughout the meeting, researchers and bioethicists warn that the ability to create a limitless supply of IVG embryos — combined with new gene-editing techniques — could turbo-charge the power to eradicate unwanted genes. That could help eradicate terrible genetic diseases, but also move "designer babies" even closer to reality. "The desire to genetically modify the future generation in a hunt for a assumed perfect race, perfect baby, perfect future generation is not science fiction," says Amrita Pande, a professor of sociology at the University of Cape Town in South African. "IVG when used with gene-editing tools like CRISPR should make us all worried." IVG is probably still at least years away — and may never happen, several of the participants note. There are still significant technical hurdles that would need to be overcome, and questions about whether IVG could ever be done safely, several experts repeatedly warn during the workshop Nevertheless, the Food and Drug Administration is already exploring the implications of IVG, according to Dr. Peter Marks, a top FDA official. "It's an important technology that we are very interested in helping to move it forward," Marks says. </p><p>This creeps out our attorneys.</p><p>Dr. Peter Marks, FDA</p><p>But Marks notes Congress currently prohibits the FDA from even considering any proposals that would involve genetically manipulated human embryos. "This creeps out our attorneys," Marks says. "It makes them feel uncomfortable in this space." But if IVG remains off-limits in the U.S, Marks and others warn IVG clinics could easily spring up in other countries with looser regulations, creating a new form of medical tourism that raises even more ethical worries. That includes the exploitation of women as surrogate mothers. "Does IVG really increase human well-being?" Pande asks. "Whose well-being does it increase?" Others agree. "The door that opens to this space is one in which so many things are unsettled," says Michelle Goodwin, director of the Center for Biotechnology and Global Health Policy at the University of California, Irvine. "So many ethical questions are yet to be unpacked."</p><p>IVG</p><p>sperm</p><p>cloning</p><p>IVF</p><p>human reproduction</p><p>genetics</p><p>Facebook</p><p>Flipboard</p><p>Email</p><p>Shots</p><p>Health News From NPR</p><p>Read & Listen</p><p>Home</p><p>News</p><p>Culture</p><p>Music</p><p>Podcasts & Shows</p><p>Connect</p><p>Newsletters</p><p>Facebook</p><p>Instagram</p><p>Press</p><p>Public Editor</p><p>Corrections</p><p>Contact & Help</p><p>About NPR</p><p>Overview</p><p>Diversity</p><p>NPR Network</p><p>Accessibility</p><p>Ethics</p><p>Finances</p><p>Get Involved</p><p>Support Public Radio</p><p>Sponsor NPR</p><p>NPR Careers</p><p>NPR Shop</p><p>NPR Events</p><p>NPR Extra</p><p>Terms of Use</p><p>Privacy</p><p>Your Privacy Choices</p><p>Text Only</p><p> </p><p>Sponsor MessageBecome an NPR sponsor</p><h2>IVG, or in vitro gametogenesis, could one day help infertile couples : Shots - Health News : NPR</h2><p>IVG, or in vitro gametogenesis, could one day help infertile couples : Shots - Health News : NPR</p><p>Accessibility links </p><p>Skip to main content</p><p>Keyboard shortcuts for audio player</p><p> Open Navigation Menu</p><p> </p><p>Newsletters</p><p>NPR Shop</p><p> Close Navigation Menu</p><p>Home</p><p>News</p><p>Expand/collapse submenu for News</p><p>National</p><p>World</p><p>Politics</p><p>Business</p><p>Health</p><p>Science</p><p>Climate</p><p>Race</p><p>Culture</p><p>Expand/collapse submenu for Culture</p><p>Books</p><p>Movies</p><p>Television</p><p>Pop Culture</p><p>Food</p><p>Art & Design </p><p>Performing Arts</p><p>Life Kit</p><p>Gaming</p><p>Music</p><p>Expand/collapse submenu for Music</p><p> Tiny Desk</p><p> </p><p> Hip-Hop 50</p><p> </p><p> All Songs Considered</p><p> </p><p> Music Features</p><p> </p><p> Live Sessions</p><p> </p><p>Podcasts & Shows</p><p>Expand/collapse submenu for Podcasts & Shows</p><p>Daily</p><p> Morning Edition</p><p> </p><p> Weekend Edition Saturday</p><p> </p><p> Weekend Edition Sunday</p><p> </p><p> All Things Considered</p><p> </p><p> Fresh Air</p><p> </p><p> Up First</p><p> </p><p>Featured</p><p> The NPR Politics Podcast</p><p> </p><p> Throughline</p><p> </p><p> Trump's Trials</p><p> </p><p> Pop Culture Happy Hour</p><p> </p><p>More Podcasts & Shows</p><p>Search</p><p>Newsletters</p><p>NPR Shop</p><p> Tiny Desk</p><p> </p><p> Hip-Hop 50</p><p> </p><p> All Songs Considered</p><p> </p><p> Music Features</p><p> </p><p> Live Sessions</p><p> </p><p>About NPR</p><p>Diversity</p><p>Organization</p><p>NPR Network</p><p>Support</p><p>Careers</p><p>Connect</p><p>Press</p><p>Ethics</p><p>IVG, or in vitro gametogenesis, could one day help infertile couples : Shots - Health News An experimental technology that might someday allow infertile couples, as well as gay and trans couples, to have genetically related children stirs hope. So far, the technique has worked in mice.</p><p>Shots</p><p>Health News From NPR</p><p> Your Health Treatments & Tests Health Inc. Policy-ish Public Health Twitter</p><p> </p><p>Treatments</p><p>Infertile people, gay and trans couples yearn for progress on lab-made eggs and sperm </p><p>December 13, 202311:01 AM ET</p><p> </p><p> Heard on All Things Considered</p><p> Rob Stein</p><p> </p><p>Infertile people, gay and trans couples yearn for progress on lab-made eggs and sperm </p><p> </p><p> Listen</p><p> </p><p>· </p><p>8:00</p><p>8:00</p><p>Toggle more options</p><p>Download</p><p>Embed</p><p>Embed</p><p><iframe src="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1213532053/1219154155" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" title="NPR embedded audio player"></p><p>Transcript</p><p>Enlarge this image</p><p> Diana and Paul Zucknick have tried repeatedly and unsuccessfully to have children. The Austin, Texas, couple are intrigued by scientific research that may someday make it possible to create eggs and sperm from their skin cells.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>hide caption</p><p>toggle caption</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Diana and Paul Zucknick have tried repeatedly and unsuccessfully to have children. The Austin, Texas, couple are intrigued by scientific research that may someday make it possible to create eggs and sperm from their skin cells.</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>When Diana and Paul Zucknick built their dream house on a quiet street in Austin, Texas, more than a decade ago, the couple made sure it was big. "We bought and built this house with the intention of filling it up with lots of children," says Paul, a computer engineer who's now 39. But after about a year of trying to conceive, the Zucknicks discovered something that changed their lives: They were both infertile. "We had sort of just imagined that it would happen naturally. And then to find out that it can't ever happen naturally? It was really hard," says Diana, who recently turned 41. "I guess you just don't realize how important it is to you until you're faced with the reality that it might not be possible." </p><p>So Diana and Paul started searching for anything that could help them. Diana even retired from the job she loved teaching elementary school to focus on getting pregnant. She was also finding it increasingly hard to spend her days around children when she couldn't have kids of her own. "We just feel really strongly about trying our best to make a child that is genetically related to the both of us," Diana says. But so far the couple has experienced nothing but disappointment. "It's been painful — physically, emotionally — basically in every way," Diana says. "It's like torture. It feels like torture." A new way to make eggs and sperm in the lab The Zucknicks haven't given up, though. They scour the latest infertility research, looking for possible treatments. Earlier this year, they stumbled across a new technology scientists are trying to develop that gave them fresh hope: in vitro gametogenesis. With IVG, scientists hope to create eggs or sperm from any cell in the human body, such as a single skin cell. Japanese researchers have used IVG to make mouse eggs in the lab that eventually led to the birth of healthy mouse pups. The scientists have even managed to create very primitive human eggs. </p><p>For people who prize a genetic connection to their children, IVG could offer a something that could more easily and reliably help them realize their dreams than current infertility treatments. The technology hasn't been tried in humans yet, but laboratories around the world are racing toward that goal. </p><p>Enlarge this image</p><p> Diana Zucknick says she and her husband, Paul, would be "perfect candidates" for in vitro gametogenesis, if scientists can get it to work in humans.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>hide caption</p><p>toggle caption</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Diana Zucknick says she and her husband, Paul, would be "perfect candidates" for in vitro gametogenesis, if scientists can get it to work in humans.</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>"If it does become a reality, it's going to help so many people just like us — people who really want to be genetically related to their future children," Diana says. "My husband and I would be perfect candidates for that. If there was a way to make sperm with his DNA and eggs with my DNA, we would 100% sign up for it." The Zucknicks know that scientists could hit a dead end and never get IVG to work, or that it could come too late for them. Some scientists think IVG could be at least five to 10 years away. Others are more optimistic. Already, though, even the possibility of IVG is stirring excitement among some people struggling with infertility, as well as gay and trans couples who long to have children genetically related to both partners. At the same time, the prospect of IVG is also raising many fears, including the possibility that the technology could someday be used to create "designer babies." "Like so many new technologies, it holds a lot of promise but also a lot of threats," says Sonia Suter, a bioethicist and law professor who studies reproductive technologies at George Washington University. Struggling with infertility In the hopes of having genetically related kids, the Zucknicks have endured years of difficult, expensive and so far unsuccessful treatments. "It's been brutal," Diana says. Paul underwent two surgeries and took medication to help him produce viable sperm. "It's some sort of primal kind of coding in our DNA — this impulse that you want to procreate to help proliferate life with a partner that you love to create this amazing being that's just a representation of you," Paul says. </p><p>Enlarge this image</p><p> Paul Zucknick prepares a syringe to give his wife, Diana, an IVF injection.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>hide caption</p><p>toggle caption</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Paul Zucknick prepares a syringe to give his wife, Diana, an IVF injection.</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Diana has gone through seven rounds of in vitro fertilization. The couple has sought advice or treatment at seven IVF clinics, including traveling to a New York City clinic for experimental treatments. </p><p>Each round included almost-daily blood tests, ultrasounds, powerful hormone shots that affected her physically and emotionally, and painful procedures to extract eggs from her ovaries to try to make IVF embryos in the lab. She tried to keep her sense of humor, even nicknaming her ovaries Mona and Lisa. But every step has been wrenching. "I didn't realize how attached we were going to be to our eggs. And then when we would make embryos, we were so attached to the possibility that those embryos could one day be our future children," Diana says. "But those cells could potentially be your child one day." Finally, Diana, who has felt deep shame about her infertility, got pregnant for the first time this summer. "It was the first time ever that a pregnancy test said I was pregnant. I surprised my husband when I came home from work. We were superexcited. And we were just ecstatic. It was wonderful," Diana says. But the couple soon discovered Diana was having a miscarriage. "It was incredibly hard and sad," she says. "And, it's like a death in the family. A death you can't even really acknowledge. Because you weren't even really pregnant for that long. And you didn't get to meet them. And you won't. "I was in a darker place than I've ever been." "It was devastating," Paul adds. "I don't have another word for it besides devastating." </p><p>Enlarge this image</p><p> Paul Zucknick gives his wife, Diana, an injection as part of their latest round of fertility treatment.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>hide caption</p><p>toggle caption</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Paul Zucknick gives his wife, Diana, an injection as part of their latest round of fertility treatment.</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>The couple is still trying, and would be open to adopting children or embryos, or foster parenting. But they wish there was a better way to treat infertility. "We really hope that IVG becomes available to everyone at some point," Diana says. "If we could find a way to keep people from suffering the way Paul and I have over the past decade, that would be such a beautiful thing." </p><p>IVG could offer a new option for gay and trans couples "Wow! What a cool technology," says Tara Ferguson, 30, an account manager at an insurance agency who lives in the Dallas-Fort Worth area with her wife, Delilah, 35. "That could really be a game changer." Tara says she has "always wanted to have a biologically related child. It's not that I would require it to be a parent. But it would be a preference. And same with the preference of the child being biologically related to my partner. But we don't just get to try it the old-fashioned way." The couple is planning to start a family soon with a sperm donor. But if IVG were an option, they'd jump at it. </p><p> </p><p>Shots - Health News </p><p>Japanese scientists race to create human eggs and sperm in the lab</p><p>"I would really love being able to say, 'Oh, look, they have your eyes and my nose and XYZ,'" Tara says. "And not just the physical attributes, but the emotional and the mental attributes as well. Because I feel like there are certain things that despite being raised a certain way you're going to be genetically inclined, predisposed, to be a certain way." IVG would also be a dream come true for Brenda Trinh, 23, and her partner, Amber Mauer, 24, who live in San Francisco. The couple recently got engaged, after being together for nine years. Both want kids. But Brenda's a transgender woman. So they'll have to use a sperm donor too. That means Brenda would have no genetic connection to their children. "Knowing that it's half-me half-her, to me that's special," Brenda says. "And it's very obviously family. You can definitely tell it's ours." Amber, who works helping families care for children with autism, agrees. "I love Brenda and I just want more of her in the world," Amber says. "I'm just so lucky to be with her, and I'd love to see her passion and drive continue on through biological children." </p><p>How IVG might backfire But some fear that if IVG is successful it could have unintended consequences, such as undermining society's acceptance of nontraditional families, like gay couples adopting or using donor eggs and sperm to have babies. "Same-sex couples could say things like: 'Well, look, we're having families just like yours. We're genetically connected to the children.' But that could potentially backfire," says Suter, of George Washington University. "Conservative states could say: 'Sorry, we are not willing to recognize that. That's not natural. Nature doesn't allow this,' " Suter says. "And it could undermine a lot of efforts just to be recognized as parents in the first place." IVG could also open the door to creating virtually unlimited numbers of human embryos, which would make it much easier to screen embryos for genes for disabilities like deafness and blindness. That stirs fears of discrimination against disabled people. </p><p>Enlarge this image</p><p> Diana and Paul Zucknick say they're aware of the some peoples concerns about how in vitro gametogenesis could be misused. But they see the technology's promise for people like them.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>hide caption</p><p>toggle caption</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Diana and Paul Zucknick say they're aware of the some peoples concerns about how in vitro gametogenesis could be misused. But they see the technology's promise for people like them.</p><p> </p><p> Montinique Monroe for NPR</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>"IVG raises fundamental questions about the sort of people who we actively welcome versus who we want to avoid coming into the world," says Joel Michael Reynolds, who studies disability issues at Georgetown University. "This could in many ways exacerbate some of the worries around questions of disability justice." The capacity to genetically screen mass-produced human embryos could also hasten the day when parents can hand-pick "designer babies" with the traits they want and society values. "Imagine a world where reproduction starts to look a lot more like manufacturing," says I. Glen Cohen, faculty director of Harvard Law School's Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology & Bioethics. "That's what I'm concerned about." People like the Zucknicks, the Fergusons, Trinh and Mauer understand the fears that IVG raises. But they just want children that share their genes. "I completely understand the potential unethical uses that it could lead to," Diana says. "But I don't want a designer baby. I just want a baby that is a little bit of me and a little bit of my husband. I just wish that it was easier, and possible, for us. And, who knows? Maybe one day, maybe one day, it will be."</p><p>IVG</p><p>in vitro gametogenesis</p><p>infertility treatments</p><p>bioethics</p><p>infertility</p><p>Facebook</p><p>Flipboard</p><p>Email</p><p>Shots</p><p>Health News From NPR</p><p>Read & Listen</p><p>Home</p><p>News</p><p>Culture</p><p>Music</p><p>Podcasts & Shows</p><p>Connect</p><p>Newsletters</p><p>Facebook</p><p>Instagram</p><p>Press</p><p>Public Editor</p><p>Corrections</p><p>Contact & Help</p><p>About NPR</p><p>Overview</p><p>Diversity</p><p>NPR Network</p><p>Accessibility</p><p>Ethics</p><p>Finances</p><p>Get Involved</p><p>Support Public Radio</p><p>Sponsor NPR</p><p>NPR Careers</p><p>NPR Shop</p><p>NPR Events</p><p>NPR Extra</p><p>Terms of Use</p><p>Privacy</p><p>Your Privacy Choices</p><p>Text Only</p><p> </p><p>Sponsor MessageBecome an NPR sponsor</p> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div> </div>   <div class="related-posts" id="f9axwKKASX"> <div class="related-posts-wrapper" id="rPbN3JucEJ"> <div class="related-posts-inner" id="CSv1AjfEfO"> <div class="container" id="OONyFoGb4J">  <div class="row" id="OWG4hyRplU"> <div class="col-lg-6 offset-lg-0 col-md-8 offset-md-2 col-10 offset-1" id="SfcyqnM6he"> <div class="section-heading section-heading-1 c-white" id="dRqt1Arbg7"> <div class="sub-heading upper ls-1" id="IRwTq0jOqL"> <i class="las la-file-alt"></i> <h5>最近的新闻</h5> </div> <div class="main-heading" id="AN5KCOw7QA"> <h1>您可能喜欢的文章</h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-6 offset-lg-0 col-md-8 offset-md-2 col-10 offset-1" id="8JvOUZxFo5"> <div class="related-posts-slider-navigation slider-navigation" id="CHpqzmXJGj"> <div class="related-posts-slider-navigation-prev" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Previous slide" aria-controls="swiper-wrapper-bf19141edd166f9b" id="sKTkvoX4jL"> <i class="las la-long-arrow-alt-left"></i> </div> <div class="related-posts-slider-navigation-next" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Next slide" aria-controls="swiper-wrapper-bf19141edd166f9b" id="pbc9HQDBNH"> <i class="las la-long-arrow-alt-right"></i> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="container related-posts-slider-container" id="KOBWDCP8u5">  <div class="row" id="v4B0nmaVTB"> <div class="col-lg-12" id="OnDV45Iwt8"> <div class="related-posts-slider" id="VpkiOZ8adw"> <div class="swiper-container swiper-container-initialized swiper-container-horizontal swiper-container-pointer-events" id="eFeqKvbE3y"> <div class="swiper-wrapper" id="swiper-wrapper-bf19141edd166f9b" aria-live="polite" style="transition-duration: 0ms; 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